Immuno Histo Chemistry – DNA Damage and Nitrotyrosine 160 Slides Kit
Picture Shows Anti-DNA Damage stained (brown) colon tissue from mouse with colitis (paraffin-embedded). Shown at a 1:100,000 dilution of SKC-210 using theABC method.
Description :
DNA or RNA damage is due to environmentalfactors and normal metabolic processes inside the cell, that thenhinder the ability of the cell to carry out its functions. There arefour main types of DNA due to endogenous cellular processes and theyare oxidation, alkylation, hydrolysis and mismatch of the bases. Duringthe oxidation of bases, highly reactive chemical entities collectivelyknown as RONS, occurs. RONS stands for reactive oxygen and nitrogenspecies and includes nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical,hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. Numerous studies have shown thatRONS causes a variety of issues including DNA damage (1).
8-hydroxyguanine,8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanonsine and 8-hydroxyguanosine are all RNA and DNAmarkers of oxidative damage. 8-hydroxy-2’-guanosine is produced byreactive oxygen and nitrogen species including hydroxyl radical andperoxynitrite. Specifically its high biological relevance is due to itsability to induce G to T transversions, which is one of the mostfrequent somatic mutations (2). 8-hydroxy-guanine has been the mostfrequently studied type of DNA base damage, with studies in diabetes,and cancer. Base modifications of this type arise from radical-inducedhydroxylation and cleavage reactions of the purine ring (3, 4). Andfinally, 8-hydroxy-guanosine, like 8-hydroxy-2’-guanosine, induces amutagenic transversion of G to T in DNA. Its role has specifically beentested in the development of diabetes, hypertension and strokes (5-7).
Data :
Certified in Mouse and Human, other species nottested. For details on the species reactivities of the antibodies used,please see individual data sheets corresponding to the catalog numbersgiven on the kit components tab.
References :
1. Kim H.W., Murakami A., Williams M.V., and Ohigashi H. (2003) Carcinogenesis 24(2): 235-241.
2. Pilger A. and Rudiger H.W. (2006) Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 80(1): 1-15.
3. Malins D.C. and Haimanot R. (1991) Cancer Res. 51(19): 5430-5432.
4. Kvam E. and Tyrrell R.M. (1997) Carcinogenesis 18(11): 2281-2283.
5. Kowluru R.A., Atasi L., and Ho Y.S. (2006) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(4): 1594-9.
6. Bowers R. et al. (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 169(6): 764-9.
7. Cui J., Holmes E.H., Greene T.G., and Liu P.K. (2000) Faseb J. 14(7): 955-67.
Kit Components : (For Full Kit Cat No. SKT-222RB)
SKC-210 Anti-DNA Damage Antibody (Special format of SMC-155, a mouse monoclonal) (50ul)
SKC-211 Anti-Nitrotyrosine Antibody (Special format of SMC-154) (50ul)
SKC-903 Amplifying IHC Wash Buffer (20x) (500ml)
SKC-905 Epitope Unmasking Solution (10x) (250ml)
SKC-902 Amplifying Antibody Dilution Buffer (500ml)
SKC-900 Antibody Amplifier 1(12wells)
SKC-901 Antibody Amplifier Eclipse for IF 1(12wells)
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